Delta-9 THC: What Is It?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid found in cannabis, also known as marijuana. It is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana that causes intoxication. Its special shape lets it connect to CB1 receptors in the brain and nervous system. Many users report Delta-9 THC as having a strong effect, with feelings of happiness, relaxation, and often hunger as well. Effects vary from person to person depending on the amount used, the person’s tolerance, and how they consume it.
It is the most well-studied and well-known form of THC. Other forms of THC include delta-8 and delta-10, which have similar chemical structures but different effects. Delta-9 is used both recreationally and medicinally, with a wide range of potential benefits. However, it can also have some potential side-effects including hallucination when taken in high dosages and has a potential for addiction.
Understanding Delta-9 THC: Chemical Structure and Properties
Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals found in the cannabis sativa plant, with the most well-known ones being tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). They interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which is found throughout the nervous system, brain, and other tissues. Consuming cannabinoids sends signals to the body to influence various processes and responses. Different cannabinoids will trigger specific responses, for example, one may produce feelings of happiness and relaxation while others may help alleviate pain.
The chemical structure of Delta-9 THC is C21H30O2 which binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors to produce strong effects throughout the body and mind. Its name comes from the double bond seen on the 9th carbon chain. Delta-9 can be naturally derived from the marijuana plant or synthetically produced in a lab.
How Delta-9 THC Affects the Body and Mind
Delta-9 THC has a psychoactive effect as a result of its interaction with the brain’s reward system. When it attaches to cannabinoid receptors in the body, it releases dopamine creating a pleasurable sensation and an intoxicating effect. This interaction may lead to the brain wanting more of the same euphoric effect and can lead to marijuana abuse or developing an addiction. Short-term effects experienced after consuming Delta-9 THC include:
- Relaxation
- Increased focus
- Giddiness
- Altered perception of time and events
- Anxiety
- Dry mouth
- Increased appetite
- Difficulty thinking and speaking
- Rapid heart rate
- Memory loss
- Red eyes
- Slowed reaction time
Medical Uses of Delta-9 THC
Delta-9 THC has been used for medical purposes for many years. It is used to provide pain relief, manage chronic pain, treat sleep disorders, and for chemotherapy-induced nausea. Delta-9 THC may be as effective, or more effective than traditional antinausea drugs for chemotherapy-induced nausea. It can also stimulate appetite, which is often an issue for patients undergoing chemotherapy and people with anorexia.
Individuals with chronic pain issues, including pain from central neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and migraine sufferers, use Delta-9 for its ability to reduce pain. Its ability for deep relaxation can also help those with insomnia and anxiety. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using Delta-9 THC for any medical issue as it can interact with other medications and has a potential for abuse.
Recreational Use of Delta-9 THC
As with other psychoactive compounds, people use delta-9 THC recreationally as well. It is particularly popular among cannabis users because it has a more potent euphoric effect. Delta-9 produces the most intense high compared to other THC compounds. Individuals seek out Delta-9 recreationally for full body relaxation, similar to how someone may use alcohol after a long day of work or stress to decompress and wind down.
Legal Status of Delta-9 THC in Different States
Delta-9 THC can be derived from both marijuana and hemp, which are two varieties of the same species but with different legal statuses. At the federal level, hemp Delta-9 THC products are legal as long as they contain no more than 0.3% of THC by dry weight under the Farm Bill. This bill also allows states to regulate hemp and its products, which can create some confusion. For example, some states allow Delta-9 THC only for medical use, while in other states it is legal for recreational use. Under federal law, Delta 9 THC is classified as a Schedule I drug, making it illegal. Florida is one state that allows marijuana-derived Delta-9 THC for medicinal purposes though.
Potential Side Effects of Delta-9 THC
As a psychoactive compound, Delta-9 THC can cause impairment and should never be used when operating machinery or driving. There are also common side effects with are temporary and include:
- Dry mouth
- Anxiety
- Increased appetite, also known as the “munchies”
- Increased heart rate
- Memory loss
- Red eyes
- Slow reaction times
While there are no recorded deaths from cannabis overdose, there are still some severe side effects from consuming too much and misusing it including hallucination, paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and vomiting. These effects can last up to 12 hours and users report feeling disconnected from reality and out of control.
Using higher amounts of THC for longer periods can cause dependence, an increased risk of psychosis, and potential memory loss. Users can develop tolerance and experience withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop repeated use. Along with its interaction with the brain’s reward system, using Delta-9 THC can lead to cannabis use disorder.
Recognizing Signs of Delta-9 THC Dependence
There is some evidence to suggest that 1 in 10 marijuana users will develop dependence at some point in their lifetime, which is lower than other substances such as alcohol and heroin. Marijuana addiction is more likely to develop in those who start using at a young age. However, recovery is possible with the right treatment programs and getting help as soon as possible.
Cannabis use disorder has many symptoms. Having two or more of the following signs may indicate a cannabis use disorder, especially if it causing problems with home, work, or school:
- Needing larger amounts of Delta-9 THC to get the same high.
- Inability to cut back use even when wanting to.
- Having strong desires or “cravings to use Delta-9 THC.
- Avoiding important activities to use cannabis.
- Continued use of Delta-9 THC when it has caused problems in your social, work, or home life or on your physical or mental health.
- Developing withdrawal symptoms when not using Delta-9 THC, such as mood changes, sleep issues, headaches, sweating, or an upset stomach.
Treatment Options for Delta-9 THC Addiction at WhiteSands Treatment
WhiteSands Treatment is a network of drug and alcohol addiction treatment centers with 17 locations throughout Florida. Treatment programs for Delta-9 THC addiction are personalized to fit the needs of each patient and provide them with the best chance of long-term recovery. We offer a full continuum of care, including medical detox, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, and aftercare services. Patients can also receive dual diagnosis treatment for co-occurring disorders such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, and bipolar disorder.
At WhiteSands Treatment, programs are centered on providing patients with evidence-based addiction treatments along with holistic therapies and life skills programs to not only address the underlying causes of addiction but to help them thrive physically, mentally, and emotionally. Upon arrival, our clinical staff will work alongside the patient to understand their substance abuse and co-occurring disorder issues to create a truly unique individualized treatment plan.
Recovery from Delta-9 THC addiction is possible with the right treatment, tools, and guidance. If you or a loved one are struggling with any type of drug or alcohol addiction, please give us a call today at (877) 855-3470 to talk to one of our addiction specialists and learn more about what your recovery program may look like.
If you or a loved one needs help with abuse and/or treatment, please call the WhiteSands Treatment at (877) 855-3470. Our addiction specialists can assess your recovery needs and help you get the addiction treatment that provides the best chance for your long-term recovery.
About the Author
Jackie has been involved in the substance abuse and addiction treatment sector for over five years and this is something that she is truly eager about. She has a passion for writing and continuously works to create informative pieces that not only educate and inform the public about the disease of addiction but also provide solutions for those who struggle with drug and alcohol abuse.
